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New Jewel Movement
The New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation, or New JEWEL Movement (NJM) was a Marxist-Leninist vanguard party in the Caribbean island nation of Grenada that was led by Maurice Bishop. Established in 1973, the NJM issued its manifesto prior to the granting of Independence to Grenada in 1974.〔("The Manifesto of the New Jewel Movement" ), The Grenada Revolution Online.〕 The movement took control of the country with a successful revolution in 1979 and ruled by decree until being deposed by the US military after its 1983 invasion.
==Origin==
The New JEWEL Movement (NJM) was formally established on 11 March 1973 as an alliance of the Joint Endeavour for Welfare, Education, and Liberation (JEWEL) and the Movement for Assemblies of the People (MAP),〔Nohlen, D. (2005), ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p. 302. ISBN 978-0-19-928357-6〕 led by young lawyer Maurice Bishop. From 1973 to 1979, the NJM was an opposition political party active in Grenada. During the 1970s, the political situation in Grenada became increasingly polarized and violent. For the 1976 general elections the organisation formed an electoral coalition known as the People's Alliance with the Grenada National Party and the United People's Party. However, the alliance lost to the ruling Grenada United Labour Party in elections which were branded fraudulent by international observers.〔 In the late 1970s, the NJM formed the National Liberation Army (NLA), also known as "the 12 Apostles".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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